Linking HR Reward Systems, Employee Loyalty, andImpulsive Workplace Behavior: A Review for HigherEducation Institutions
Main Article Content
Abstract
The reason why reward systems are significant tools to Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in a fast-growing country is that universities are competing toattract skilled teachers and staff. Rewards (financial and non-financial) have a significant impact on employee motivation and loyalty (salary and bonuses, recognition and career development, etc.). Organizational commitment or employee loyalty can be used to bridge the relationship between reward systems and positive behavior at the workplace. Nevertheless, impulsivity behavior, i.e. rushing to make decisions, emotional response, or lack of planning has become a major issue in most HEIs. This review examines the research conducted between 2010 and 2025 to learn the relationship between rewards, loyalty, and impulsive behavior with particular reference to Bangladesh. The results indicate that the reward systems based on fairness and support enhance loyalty and loyal workers are less inclined to act impulsively. The gaps in the past studies are also found in the review and future research directions are also provided.
Article Details
Section

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication. Anyone may copy, distribute, remix, adapt and build upon the work, including for commercial purposes, provided appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and the source, a link to the license is provided, and any changes made are indicated. License details: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
How to Cite
References
1. Adesina, I. (2024). Strategic reward & recognition systems (review). Research Gate.
2. Ahmed, M. S., & Haque, A. (2020). Procedural and distributive justice, POS, commitment, and turnover intention among academicians of private universities in Bangladesh: A conceptual framework. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 10(6), 1–12. https://kwpublications.com
3. Aguinis, H., Joo, H., & Gottfredson, R. K. (2013). What monetary rewards can and cannot do: How to show employees the money. Business Horizons, 56(2), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2012.11.007
4. Ahn, J., et al. (2024). Cognitive biases in strategic decisions: Review. Long Range Planning, 57(2), 102–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2023.103226
5. Ashraf, M. A., et al. (2020). Private higher education in Bangladesh: HRM
challenges and faculty turnover. International Journal of Education and Practice, 8(1), 1–15. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1249692.pdf
6. Ashraf, M., et al. (2020). Demographics, compensation, satisfaction & commitment in Bangladesh private HEIs (SEM). Emerging Markets Journal. Science Direct.
7. Brière, M., et al. (2022). Emotion-related impulsivity & risky decision-making: Systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 95, 102153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102153
8. CIPD. (2020). Organisational commitment: An evidence review. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.
9. CIPD. (2021). Employee recognition: An evidence review. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. https://www.cipd.org/globalassets/ media/knowledge/ knowledge-hub/evidence-reviews/non-financial-recognition- scientific-summary_tcm18-105469.pdf
10. CIPD. (2021). Financial incentives: An evidence review. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. https://www.cipd.org/globalassets/media/ knowledge/knowledge-hub/evidence-reviews/financial-incentives-evidence-review-full-report_tcm18-105457.pdf
11. CIPD. (2021). Work motivation: An evidence review. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. https://www.cipd.org/globalassets/media/knowledge/knowledge-hub/evidence-reviews/motivation-scientificsummary_tcm18-105552.pdf
12. Condly, S., et al. (2003). The effects of team incentives: A meta-analysis. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 16(3), 46–63. https:/doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-8327.2003.tb00282.x
13. Cyders, M. A., et al. (2014). Examination of a short English version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Addictive Behaviors, 39(9), 13721376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.02.013
14. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. The Guilford Press.
15. Dorison, C. A., Klusowski, J., Han, S., & Lerner, J. S. (2020). Emotion in organizational judgment and decision making. Organizational Dynamics, 49(1), 100702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2018.10.007
16. Eisenberger, R., & Stinglhamber, F. (2011). Perceived organizational support: Fostering enthusiastic and productive employees. American PsychologicalAssociation.
17. Eisenberger, R., et al. (2017). Perceived organizational support: A meta-analytic evaluation of organizational support theory. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1854–1884. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315575554
18. Gallup. (2020). The relationship between engagement at work and organizational outcomes: 2020 Q12® meta-analysis. Gallup, Inc. https://media- 01.imu.nl/storage/happyholics.com/6345/gallup-2020-q12-meta-analysis.pdf
19. Garbers, Y., & Konradt, U. (2014). The effect of financial incentives on performance: A quantitative review of individual and team-based financial incentives. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(1),102–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12039
20. Groskurth, K., Nießen, D., Rammstedt, B., & Lechner, C. M. (2022). The Impulsive Behavior Short Scale–8 (I-8): A comprehensive validation of the English-language adaptation. PLOS ONE, 17(9), e0273801. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273801
21. Hagger, M. S., et al. (2020). Self-control and health behaviours: A meta-review.Health Psychology Review, 14(3), 335–355. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2019.1705969
22. Hossain, M. M., & Sultana, R. (2020). Organizational justice and OCB among faculty in Bangladesh. International Journal of Human Resource Management and Research, 2(2), 10–18. https://www.humanresourcejournal.com
23. Islam, M. S., & colleagues. (2019). Impact of work flexibility, salary, reward and incentive as retention strategies in private universities of Bangladesh.European Journal of Business and Management, 11(32), 62–73. https://www.iiste.org
24. Jackson, T. A., Meyer, J. P., & Wang, X.-H. (2013). Leadership, commitment, and culture: A meta-analysis. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 20(1), 84–106. https:doi.org/10.1177/1548051812466919
25. Judge, T. A., Piccolo, R. F., Podsakoff, N. P., Shaw, J. C., & Rich, B. L. (2010). The relationship between pay and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis of the literature. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(2), 157–167.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.04.002
26. Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., & Adis, C. S. (2017). Perceived organizational support: A meta-analytic evaluation of organizational support theory. Journal of Management, 43, 1854–1884. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315575554
27. Lerner, J. S., Li, Y., Valdesolo, P., & Kassam, K. S. (2015). Emotion and decision making. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 799–823. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115043
28. Maas, J., et al. (2025). Total rewards for attracting and retaining Millennials post-COVID-19. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 23, a2855. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v23i0.2855
29. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346
30. Masum, A. K. M., Azad, M. A. K., & Beh, L.-S. (2015). Determinants of
academics’ job satisfaction: Evidence from private universities in Bangladesh. PLOS ONE, 10(11), e0117834. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117834
31. Meyer, J. P., Becker, T. E., & Van Dick, R. (2006). Social identities and commitments at work: Toward an integrative model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(5), 665–683. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.383
32. Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61– 89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
33. Meyer, J. P., & Maltin, E. R. (2010). Employee commitment and well-being: A critical review. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(2), 323–337.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.04.007
34. Mor Barak, M. E., Avery, D. R., & others. (2017). Inclusive workplaces: A review and model. Human Resource Management Review, 27(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2017.01.002
35. Newman, A., Donohue, R., & Eva, N. (2017). Psychological safety: A systematic review. Human Resource Management Review, 27(3), 521–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2017.01.001
36. Pinder, C. C. (2014). Work motivation in organizational behavior (2nd/3rd ed.).
37. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. The Guilford Press.
38. SHRM. (2024). The state of global workplace culture 2024. Society for Human Resource Management. https://www.shrm.org/content/dam/en/shrm/research/state-of-global-workplace- culture-2024.pdf
39. Weibel, A., Rost, K., & Osterloh, M. (2010). Pay for performance and motivation crowding: An experimental study. Academy of Management Review, 35(3), 504–522. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.35.3.zok504
40. Woolley, K., & Fishbach, A. (2018). It's about time: Earlier rewards increase intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(6), 877– 890. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000125
41. World Bank. (2019). Bangladesh tertiary education sector review: Skills and innovation for growth. World Bank.
42. World Bank. (2019). Bangladesh—Higher Education Quality Enhancement Project (HEQEP): completion and results report. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/778351563297826868/pdf/Bangla desh-HEQEP.pdf
43. WorldatWork. (2024). Reward systems after the pandemic: A PRISMA-based review. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02492-w
44. Zahirap, M., & Subramanyachary, S. (2025). Retention in HEIs post-COVID: Systematic review. The ASPD Journal, 10(2), 55–72.
45. Hossain, M. J. (2024). Digital Supply Chain Adoption and Operational Efficiency in Bangladesh's Manufacturing Sector: A Systematic Review. Pacific Journal of Business Innovation and Strategy, 1(1), 70-83. https://doi.org/10.70818/pjbis.v01i01.0240.