English Language Learning by the Secondary-Level Tribal Students in Bandarban, Bangladesh: Challenges and Ways for Improvement

Abstract

Proficiency in English language has increased in importance for academic performance, tertiary education, employment possibilities and social advancement in Bangladesh. However, the secondary level tribal learners of Bandarban have different problems in learning English due to linguistic diversity, geographical remoteness, economic hardship, unavailability of educational facilities, teacher-related problems, and lack of exposure to the language. The study examines the major barriers of the secondary tribal students in learning English language in Bandarban and suggests the specific approaches for improvement in the setting. The research uses qualitative content analysis based on secondary data sources such as peer-reviewed articles, government documents, policy analyzes, institutional publications, and relevant studies on Indigenous education, multilingual education, and teaching English language in Bangladesh. The analysis reveals several interlinked issues, such as barriers in mother-tongue and multilingual education, teachers’ limited proficiency, unavailability of culturally relevant teaching materials, emphasis on exam-oriented pedagogical practices, inadequate digital and physical infrastructure, and limited opportunities for practicing communicative English. The research claims that the improvement in English education might be achieved by changing the standardized, assessment-oriented approach to a multilingual, culturally sensitive, student-centered, and context-aware way of instruction. It advocates development of culturally relevant resources and increased digital access, interactive learning experiences, and improved school-community partnerships, as well as professional development for instructors. This study provides a synthesized, contextualized overview of the existing information, policy and pedagogical recommendations, in an effort to promote fairness in the teaching of English in Bandarban